Knee Joint
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY
- Torn ACL in the knee joint during twisting movements
- Pain during movement
- Swelling
- Atrophy of quadriceps muscle
Special Test
- Anterior drawers test
- Lachmanns test
Treatment
- Electrotherapy
- Ultrasound
- TENS
- Cryotherapy
Therapeutic Exercise
PHASE : 1
- Patellar mobilization
- Static quadriceps
- VMO strengthening using a ball
- Hamstring stretching in sitting
PHASE : 2
- Quadriceps strengthening using theraband
- VMO strengthening using theraband
- Single leg standing
- Squatting
- Aquatic activities
PHASE : 3
- Single leg squatting
- Plyometric deep jumb
- Ice skating
MENISCAL TEAR
- Can be caused by a single injury or over time in people who are active and older people
- Recurrent locking of knee joint
Special Test
- Palpating joint line tenderness
- McMurray’s test
- Teslay’s test
Treatment
- Electrotherapy
- TENS
- Cryotherapy
Therapeutic Exercise
- Static quadriceps
- Static hamstring
- Passive knee flexion
- Resisted knee extension
- Single leg bridging
- VMO strengthening
- Clamshell exercise
- Kinesio taping
ILIO-TIBIAL BAND SYNDROME
- Friction between IT band and knee leads to pain
- Pain is severe when there is tension in IT band
- Most tension in 20-30 degree knee flexion
Treatment
- Cryotherapy
- Dry needling
- TENS
Therapeutic Exercise
- Side lying abductor strengthening using Theraband
- Resisted side stop with Theraband
- Hydrants
- IT band stretch
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
- Joint pain
- Morning stiffness of knee joint
- Decreased muscle strength
Special Test
- Knee PROM with overpressure
Treatment
- Electrotherapy
- TENS
- Ultrasound
- Cryotherapy
- Dry needling
Therapeutic Exercise
- Static quadriceps
- Static gluteus
- VMO strengthening
- Clamshell exercise
- Quadriceps strengthening in sitting
- Static bicycle
Manual therapy
- Knee flexion mobilization
HAMSTRING STRAIN
- Common in high speed sports
- Occures when hamstring stretches when it is about to contract
Special Test
- Manual muscle testing of hamstring
Treatment
- Electrotherapy
- TENS
- Ultrasound
- Cryotherapy
Therapeutic Exercise
- Static quadriceps
- Static hamstring
- Bridging
- Swiss ball hamstring curls
- Prone plank
- Single leg stance
- Kinesiotaping